A DDoS attack is an attempt to crush an online system or a webserver by overwhelming it with data. The reason behind the DDoS attack could be revenge, simple mischief or activism. These attacks can range from a minor annoyance to long-term downtime resulting in a loss of business.
Types of DDoS Attacks
- UDP Floods
A UDP flood is a type of DDoS attack that floods a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet with a target. This attack is intended to flood random ports on a remote host. This causes the host to check repeatedly for an application listening to that port and to reply with an ICMP ‘Destination Unreachable’ packet when no application is found. This process saps host resources, which may eventually lead to inaccessibility.
- SYN Flood
This type of DDoS attack exploits a vulnerability that is widely established in the TCP connection sequence (a three-way handshake), where SYN and a host have to react with an SYN-ACK response from the host for the TCP connection to be initiated. The requester’s ACK reply should verify this. In the SYN flood situation, the requestors send multiple SYN requests, but do not respond to the SYN-ACK response of the host or submit the SYN requests from the spoofed IP address. The host system continues to expect credit for each application and binding resources until new connections can be established, which ultimately leads to a denial of service.
- Ping of Death
The attacker sends multiple malformed or malicious pings to a device during a Ping of Death (POD). The maximum packet length of an IP packet is 65,535 bytes. The Data Link Layer typically limits the maximum frame size, such as 1500 bytes over an Ethernet network. The receiver host reassumes the IP fragments in the entire packet and separates a large IP packet into small IP packets (called particles). In a Ping of Death scenario, the receiver is reassembled with an IP packet greater than 65.535 bytes following malicious manipulation of the content of a fragment. This can lead to a memory buffer overflow assigned to the package that causes service denial for good packets.
- Slowloris
This is a highly targeted DDoS attack that allows one webserver to shut down another server without disturbing other services or ports on the target network. This is done by maintaining for a very long time as many links as possible to the target web server. That is done by creating ties to the target server but only sends a partial request. Slowloris sends more HTTP headers continuously, but never completes an offer. The targeted server opens all these false connections. This ultimately overflows the maximum concurrent connection pool and results in the denial of additional connections from genuine clients.
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Nonetheless, it can be a lot longer and easier to prevent DDoS attacks through manual security planning if you have your DDoS prevention tool. This should be considered because DDoS attacks can take place at any time.
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